Tonight we’re going to talk about bowel and bladder control primarily, so Dr. Graves and I both actually trained together at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. And we’ve been each practicing for close to ten years and we’ve had five years of urology training in residency and med school before that. And the topic tonight is something that we do have a lot of focus in and enjoy taking care of and have specialty in.

So bladder control is something we’ll discuss about the pathophysiology and how that works. So your kidneys filter your blood and make urine and then it goes into the bladder where it’s stored and then you pee that out. And you’re supposed to be able to control that and the bladder’s in muscle. And when the bladder gets full basically it’ll send a signal and you’ll get relaxation of the external sphincter, which is a sphincter control to control the urine. And then allow the sphincter to open and then the bladder squeezes down and drains the bladder. But this is a complex system and it does require basically the brain and its ability to inhibit the need to urinate and the ability to control relaxation. The sphincter and the spinal cord so it’s a pretty exquisite and very detailed system, but it’s something that different areas of that process can have an issue that could be fixed or could be the cause of the incumbents. And then the bowel control is very similar instead of a bladder you have intestines and a colon and a rectum where a stool is stored. And there is a sphincter as well that controls your ability to hold the stool in place and again that involves the brain the spinal cord and the the muscle of the rectum and the colon involved for bowel control you