Prostate Cancer Archives | St Pete Urology Urologists in St. Petersburg, Florida Sat, 29 Nov 2025 11:25:08 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.5 https://stpeteurology.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/cropped-favicon1-32x32.png Prostate Cancer Archives | St Pete Urology 32 32 Is Active Surveillance Good for Prostate Cancer? https://stpeteurology.com/prostate-active-surveillance/ Tue, 18 Nov 2025 10:50:47 +0000 https://stpeteurology.com/?p=35270 Active surveillance offers low-risk prostate cancer patients a safe alternative to immediate treatment. Learn about monitoring protocols, eligibility criteria, and long-term outcomes from St Pete Urology's experts.

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3 Key Takeaways:

  • Active surveillance safely delays or avoids treatment for low-risk prostate cancer – Research shows 49% of men remain progression-free at 10 years with less than 1% prostate cancer mortality, making it an excellent option for appropriate candidates.
  • Regular monitoring catches progression early enough for cure – Protocols including PSA tests every 3-6 months, annual exams, and periodic biopsies ensure timely detection of changes while avoiding unnecessary treatment side effects.
  • Patient selection determines success – Ideal candidates have very low-risk or low-risk disease (Gleason 6, PSA under 10, confined to prostate) with life expectancy over 10 years and ability to manage surveillance anxiety.

Active surveillance is an excellent option for many men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer, allowing them to avoid or delay treatment while maintaining close medical monitoring. Research shows that 10 years after diagnosis, 49% of men on active surveillance remained free of treatment or progression, with less than 1% dying from prostate cancer.

The answer depends on your cancer’s risk profile, age, overall health, and personal preferences. For men with low-risk disease, active surveillance prevents unnecessary treatment side effects while preserving the option for curative therapy if the cancer becomes more aggressive.

What Is Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer?

Active surveillance is a structured monitoring approach for men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer that appears slow-growing and unlikely to cause harm. Unlike immediate treatment with surgery or radiation, active surveillance involves regular testing to detect any changes in cancer behavior before it becomes dangerous.

This strategy differs from “watchful waiting,” which is a less intensive approach typically reserved for older men with limited life expectancy. Active surveillance maintains curative intent through systematic monitoring with PSA blood tests, digital rectal exams, MRI scans, and repeat biopsies.

The goal is simple: avoid the side effects of prostate cancer treatment when the disease poses minimal risk, while ensuring early intervention if progression occurs. Between 50% and 68% of eligible patients safely avoid treatment for at least 10 years through this approach.

Who Qualifies for Active Surveillance?

Ideal candidates for active surveillance have very low-risk or low-risk prostate cancer confined to the prostate gland. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network defines very low-risk disease as clinical stage T1c, Gleason score 6 (Grade Group 1), PSA below 10 ng/mL, fewer than 3 positive biopsy cores, 50% or less cancer in each core, and PSA density under 0.15 ng/mL/g.

Men who meet these criteria and have a life expectancy exceeding 10 years represent optimal candidates. Some patients with favorable intermediate-risk disease (Gleason 3+4=7) may also qualify when cancer volume is low and specific biomarkers indicate less aggressive behavior.

Your suitability also depends on psychological factors. Successful active surveillance requires commitment to regular monitoring appointments and the ability to manage anxiety about living with untreated cancer. Men who experience significant distress from knowing cancer is present may prefer immediate treatment despite being medically eligible for surveillance.

How Does Active Surveillance Monitoring Work?

The monitoring protocol varies by institution but typically includes PSA testing every 3-6 months, digital rectal exams annually, and confirmatory prostate biopsies within 6-24 months of diagnosis. MRI scans are performed every 12-18 months initially, then every 3-5 years if results remain stable.

Johns Hopkins Medicine, which has followed over 2,000 men on active surveillance since 1995, reports a prostate cancer-specific mortality rate of only 0.1% over 15 years. Their protocol demonstrates that careful monitoring catches progression early enough for curative intervention.

If PSA levels rise significantly, your doctor may order an earlier MRI or biopsy. A PSA doubling time under 3 years often triggers additional imaging to check for disease progression. Changes detected during monitoring don’t necessarily mean treatment failure—they indicate the system is working as designed by identifying when intervention becomes necessary.

Commercial biomarker tests like Decipher, Oncotype DX Prostate, and Prolaris may help refine risk assessment. These genomic tests analyze biopsy tissue to predict cancer aggressiveness and can provide additional confidence in surveillance decisions for select patients.

Benefits of Choosing Active Surveillance

The primary advantage is avoiding treatment side effects while cancer remains indolent. Prostatectomy and radiation therapy can cause urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and bowel problems that significantly impact quality of life. Active surveillance allows men to preserve sexual, urinary, and bowel function until treatment becomes medically necessary.

Studies demonstrate that patients treated after years of surveillance have outcomes comparable to those receiving immediate treatment. A 2024 study in JAMA found that fewer than 2% of men on active surveillance developed metastatic disease over 10 years, validating its safety for appropriate candidates.

Financial considerations also matter. Treatment for prostate cancer involves significant costs for surgery, radiation, or both, plus managing side effects. Active surveillance reduces upfront medical expenses while maintaining health insurance coverage for future treatment if needed.

The approach also provides time to make informed decisions. Many men feel rushed into treatment decisions immediately after diagnosis. Surveillance allows processing the diagnosis, researching options, and consulting multiple specialists before committing to irreversible treatments.

Potential Risks and Considerations

While generally safe for appropriate candidates, active surveillance carries some risks. Approximately 10% of patients develop anxiety during monitoring, struggling with uncertainty about cancer progression. This psychological burden can diminish quality of life for some men, making immediate treatment preferable despite medical eligibility for surveillance.

The possibility exists that cancer could become more aggressive during monitoring. However, this risk is minimal when protocols are followed consistently. About 50% of men on active surveillance transition to active treatment within 10 years, with most doing so within the first 5 years after detecting progression through regular testing.

Repeat biopsies pose infection risks, though newer imaging techniques may reduce biopsy frequency. MRI-guided biopsies offer improved accuracy over traditional methods, potentially catching progression earlier while requiring fewer procedures.

Some studies suggest disparities in active surveillance adoption. Research indicates that Hispanic men and those in rural areas have lower rates of surveillance enrollment, potentially due to access barriers or provider biases favoring treatment.

When Treatment Becomes Necessary

Conversion from surveillance to treatment typically occurs due to grade progression on repeat biopsy, increased tumor volume, concerning PSA kinetics, or patient preference. Evidence of Gleason score upgrading from 6 to 7 or higher represents the most common trigger for intervention.

Rising PSA density, clinical stage progression detected during digital rectal exams, or suspicious findings on MRI scans may also prompt treatment discussions. Some patients simply decide they no longer wish to live with active cancer, regardless of medical stability.

Treatment options remain the same as at initial diagnosis: radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, or newer approaches like minimally invasive surgery using the da Vinci robotic system. St Pete Urology’s specialists have extensive experience with advanced surgical techniques that minimize side effects while maximizing cancer control.

The window for cure does not disappear during surveillance. Men treated after monitoring have cure rates similar to those receiving immediate treatment, provided progression is caught through scheduled testing.

Long-Term Outcomes and Success Rates

Long-term data supports active surveillance safety for low-risk disease. The ProtecT trial, which followed patients for 15 years, found no difference in prostate cancer-specific survival between active monitoring, surgery, and radiation groups. While metastasis rates were slightly higher with monitoring (9.4% versus 4.7% for surgery), deaths from prostate cancer remained extremely rare in all groups.

The University of Toronto cohort study tracked men for over 20 years, with some never requiring treatment. These patients avoided decades of living with treatment side effects while maintaining excellent cancer outcomes through vigilant monitoring.

Approximately 49% of men remain on surveillance without progression at 10 years, according to recent research. This means nearly half avoid treatment entirely during the initial decade after diagnosis, preserving quality of life while cancer remains stable.

For those who do transition to treatment, outcomes are excellent. Studies show no difference in metastasis or survival rates between men treated immediately versus those treated after surveillance detected progression.

Making the Right Decision for You

Choosing between active surveillance and immediate treatment requires weighing multiple factors. Consider your cancer characteristics, overall health, life expectancy, risk tolerance, and support system. Consulting with experienced urologists helps clarify which approach aligns with your medical situation and personal values.

St Pete Urology’s board-certified urologists have helped thousands of Tampa Bay men navigate prostate cancer decisions. Dr. Nicholas Laryngakis, Dr. Reid Graves, and Dr. Adam Oppenheim specialize in comprehensive prostate cancer care, including active surveillance programs tailored to each patient’s needs.

Active surveillance represents a proven, evidence-based approach for men with low-risk prostate cancer. With disciplined monitoring and access to expert care, it allows preserving quality of life while maintaining excellent long-term outcomes. Contact St Pete Urology at (727) 478-1172 to discuss whether active surveillance is right for your situation.

References

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]]> Where & How to Get a PSA Test in St. Petersburg, FL & Nearby Labs https://stpeteurology.com/psa-test-st-petersburg-fl-nearby-labs/ Thu, 23 Oct 2025 11:17:08 +0000 https://stpeteurology.com/?p=27856 Getting a PSA test in St. Petersburg is straightforward—multiple labs across the city offer same-day walk-ins, and direct-to-consumer options eliminate the need for a doctor's visit.

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3 Key Takeaways:

  • Multiple convenient options exist: St. Petersburg residents can access PSA testing through Quest Diagnostics, Labcorp, direct-to-consumer services, or specialized urology clinics like St. Pete Urology.
  • Early screening saves lives: PSA testing reduces prostate cancer mortality by 21% when combined with regular follow-ups and proper interpretation by urologists.
  • Abnormal results require expert interpretation: Elevated PSA levels don’t automatically mean cancer—board-certified urologists at St. Pete Urology provide comprehensive evaluations to distinguish between benign conditions and malignancies.

Finding a reliable lab for PSA testing in St. Petersburg doesn’t require weeks of waiting or navigating a maze of insurance approvals. Men over 50—and younger men with risk factors—can walk into multiple certified labs across the Tampa Bay area today and get screened for prostate cancer within hours. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test measures a protein produced by the prostate gland, and elevated levels may signal prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostatitis. This guide maps out exactly where to go, what to expect, and how to interpret your results with the help of board-certified urologists at St. Pete Urology.

Understanding the PSA Test: What It Measures and Why It Matters

PSA is a protein found exclusively in prostate tissue. When cells in the prostate become cancerous or when the gland enlarges, PSA levels in the bloodstream increase. A standard PSA test requires a simple blood draw and typically returns results within 24-48 hours. According to the American Cancer Society, men at average risk should begin discussing PSA screening at age 50, while those with a family history of prostate cancer or African American men should start these conversations at age 40-45.

Studies show that PSA screening reduces prostate cancer mortality by 21% when combined with digital rectal exams and regular follow-ups. However, PSA levels alone don’t diagnose cancer—they indicate whether further evaluation is needed. Factors like age, prostate size, medications, and recent physical activity can all influence PSA readings. For men concerned about prostate health, understanding these nuances makes the difference between unnecessary anxiety and proactive care.

Major Lab Networks in St. Petersburg: Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp

St. Petersburg residents have convenient access to both Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp, the two largest clinical laboratory networks in the United States. These CLIA-certified facilities process millions of tests annually and maintain rigorous quality standards.

Quest Diagnostics Locations:

  • 1101 34th St N, St. Petersburg, FL 33713 (Monday-Friday 6:30 AM-3:30 PM, Saturday 6:00 AM-11:00 AM)
  • 1173 62nd Avenue North, St. Petersburg, FL 33702 (Monday-Friday 6:00 AM-3:00 PM, Saturday 6:00 AM-11:00 AM)
  • 6006 49th St N, St. Petersburg, FL (Hours vary by location)

Labcorp Locations:

  • 3901 66th St N, Saint Petersburg, FL 33709 (Monday-Friday 6:00 AM-2:30 PM)
  • 3851 4th St N, Saint Petersburg, FL 33703 (Located inside Walgreens)
  • 3077 54th Ave S, Saint Petersburg, FL 33712 (Located inside Walgreens)
  • 900 49th St N, Saint Petersburg, FL 33710 (Located inside Walgreens)

Both networks accept most insurance plans and offer online appointment scheduling through their websites at Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp. Walk-ins are welcome, though appointments receive priority and reduce wait times.

Direct-to-Consumer Testing Options: No Doctor’s Order Required

Men who prefer to bypass traditional healthcare channels can purchase PSA tests directly through services like Request A Test, Any Lab Test Now, and LabFinder. These platforms partner with Quest and Labcorp facilities, allowing you to order tests online, visit a nearby lab, and receive results within 1-3 business days—all without a physician’s order.

Typical costs range from $29 to $79 for a basic PSA test, with free PSA (a more detailed analysis) available for an additional fee. This approach works well for men who want baseline screening, are monitoring known conditions, or lack immediate access to a primary care physician. However, interpreting abnormal results still requires medical expertise, which is where the urologists at St. Pete Urology provide critical guidance.

For men seeking comprehensive care beyond just testing, St. Pete Urology offers specialized PSA testing as part of a broader prostate health evaluation. The clinic’s board-certified urologists—Dr. Nicholas Laryngakis, Dr. Reid Graves, Dr. Adam Oppenheim, and Dr. Ankur Shah—interpret results in the context of your medical history, perform digital rectal exams when indicated, and coordinate follow-up biopsies if needed.

When to Get Tested: Age and Risk Factor Guidelines

The timing of your first PSA test depends on your personal risk profile. The American Urological Association recommends:

  • Ages 40-45: Men with a family history of prostate cancer or African American men should begin baseline screening.
  • Ages 50-69: Average-risk men should discuss PSA testing annually with their doctor.
  • Ages 70+: Testing may not be necessary unless you have a life expectancy exceeding 10-15 years or specific symptoms.

Warning signs that warrant immediate PSA testing include difficulty urinating, blood in urine or semen, persistent pelvic pain, or unexplained weight loss. Men experiencing these warning signs of prostate problems should schedule an appointment with a urologist rather than relying solely on lab-only screening.

What to Expect During Your PSA Test

The PSA test procedure takes less than 5 minutes. A phlebotomist draws blood from a vein in your arm, similar to any routine blood test. No fasting is required, but men should avoid ejaculation for 24-48 hours before the test, as this can temporarily elevate PSA levels. Vigorous exercise, prostate massage, or recent cystoscopy procedures can also affect results.

Labs measure PSA in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). Historically, levels below 4.0 ng/mL were considered normal, but current guidelines recognize that “normal” varies by age:

  • Ages 40-49: 0-2.5 ng/mL
  • Ages 50-59: 0-3.5 ng/mL
  • Ages 60-69: 0-4.5 ng/mL
  • Ages 70+: 0-6.5 ng/mL

A PSA level between 4-10 ng/mL carries a 25% chance of prostate cancer on biopsy, while levels above 10 ng/mL increase the probability significantly. However, non-cancerous conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis also cause elevated PSA, which is why interpretation requires clinical judgment.

Interpreting Your Results: When to See a Urologist

PSA velocity—the rate of PSA increase over time—often provides more insight than a single reading. A rapid rise of more than 0.75 ng/mL per year suggests a higher cancer risk. Free PSA, which measures the percentage of PSA not bound to proteins, adds another layer of precision: a free PSA below 10% raises concern, while levels above 25% reduce the likelihood of cancer.

If your PSA is elevated, the next step typically involves:

  1. Repeat testing in 4-6 weeks to rule out temporary spikes
  2. Digital rectal exam (DRE) to check for abnormal prostate texture
  3. Multiparametric MRI to visualize suspicious areas
  4. Prostate biopsy if imaging or clinical findings warrant further investigation

At St. Pete Urology, located at 830 Central Ave, Suite 100, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, the team coordinates all aspects of prostate cancer screening and diagnosis. Their expertise in minimally invasive urologic procedures and da Vinci robotic surgery ensures you receive advanced care when needed. Call (727) 478-1172 to schedule a consultation.

Take Control of Your Prostate Health Today

Getting a PSA test in St. Petersburg is straightforward—multiple labs across the city offer same-day walk-ins, and direct-to-consumer options eliminate the need for a doctor’s visit. Yet the real value lies not in the test itself, but in how you act on the results. Early detection remains the most powerful tool against prostate cancer, and partnering with experienced urologists ensures you make informed decisions every step of the way.

Whether you choose Quest, Labcorp, or a specialized urology clinic, the most important decision is simply getting tested. Schedule your PSA test today and take the first step toward proactive prostate health management.

References:

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]]> 5 Essential Facts About PSA Screening Every Man Should Know https://stpeteurology.com/essential-facts-psa-screening-men-should-know/ Tue, 07 Oct 2025 20:35:52 +0000 https://stpeteurology.com/?p=27829 Understanding PSA screening guidelines is crucial for prostate health. Learn who needs testing, when to start, and what your PSA numbers mean for early cancer detection.

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3 Key Takeaways:

  • Start screening discussions at the right age: Men at average risk should discuss PSA screening at 55, while high-risk individuals—including African American men and those with family history—should begin conversations as early as 40.
  • PSA numbers are age-dependent: What’s normal changes with age; levels above 2.5 ng/mL for men under 60 and above 4.0 ng/mL for men in their 60s warrant further investigation, while velocity matters as much as absolute values.
  • Screening involves tradeoffs: While PSA testing can detect cancer early when it’s most treatable, it also carries risks of false positives, unnecessary biopsies, and overdiagnosis of slow-growing cancers that may never threaten health.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing remains one of the most debated yet valuable tools in men’s health. In 2025, approximately 313,780 new prostate cancer cases and 35,770 prostate cancer deaths are expected in the United States, making early detection critical. The question isn’t whether PSA screening matters—it’s understanding who needs it, when to start, and what those numbers actually tell you about your health.

Who Should Get PSA Screening

PSA screening isn’t one-size-fits-all. Current guidelines emphasize shared decision-making between patients and their healthcare providers, with recommendations varying based on age and risk factors.

The American Urological Association recommends that men aged 55 to 69 years discuss the benefits and harms of PSA screening with their doctors. For average-risk men, this conversation typically begins at 55. However, high-risk individuals should consider earlier screening.

Men who fall into high-risk categories include:

  • African American men, who have a higher risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer
  • Men with a first-degree relative (father or brother) who had prostate cancer
  • Men with multiple family members affected by prostate or other cancers
  • Carriers of BRCA1, BRCA2, or other genetic mutations linked to cancer

For high-risk men, PSA screening conversations should begin between ages 40 and 54. At St. Pete Urology, our board-certified urologists work with patients to assess individual risk factors and create personalized screening plans.

Understanding PSA Levels and What They Mean

PSA levels measure the amount of prostate-specific antigen in your blood, reported in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). Understanding what constitutes “normal” requires considering your age, as PSA naturally increases as men get older.

For men in their 40s and 50s, a PSA score greater than 2.5 ng/mL is considered abnormal, with the median PSA for this age range between 0.6 and 0.7 ng/mL. For men in their 60s, levels above 4.0 ng/mL warrant further investigation.

Here’s what PSA levels typically indicate:

Below 2.5 ng/mL: Generally considered low risk, though not a guarantee of absence of cancer

2.5 to 4.0 ng/mL: Within normal range for most men, particularly those over 50

4.0 to 10.0 ng/mL: Borderline range that may indicate increased risk and often prompts additional testing

Above 10.0 ng/mL: Significantly elevated and requires immediate medical attention

PSA levels above 10 ng/mL indicate you have a greater than 50% chance of having prostate cancer. However, elevated PSA doesn’t automatically mean cancer—benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, and even recent physical activity can temporarily raise levels.

PSA velocity—how quickly your levels rise over time—matters as much as the absolute number. A PSA score rising more than 0.35 ng/mL in a single year may warrant further testing, even if the total number remains in the “normal” range.

If you’re experiencing symptoms like frequent urination or difficulty emptying your bladder, your urologist will consider both your PSA level and clinical presentation when recommending next steps.

When to Start and How Often to Test

Timing matters with PSA screening. A single baseline PSA level is suggested for all men aged 40 to 45, with annual testing reasonable in higher-risk men starting at 45.

For men whose PSA level is less than 2.5 ng/mL, retesting may only be needed every 2 years. Those with PSA levels of 2.5 ng/mL or higher should consider yearly screening. Your physician will adjust this frequency based on your individual results and risk profile.

Routine screening should be discontinued in men with a life expectancy of 10 years or less based on comorbidities or by the age of 75. This doesn’t mean older men can’t be screened—rather, the decision becomes more nuanced, weighing potential benefits against the risks of overdiagnosis and treatment side effects.

The concept of shared decision-making is central to modern PSA screening guidelines. Before any PSA test, men should understand both the potential benefits of early cancer detection and the risks of false positives, unnecessary biopsies, and identifying slow-growing cancers that may never cause symptoms.

Benefits and Limitations of PSA Testing

PSA screening has revolutionized prostate cancer detection, enabling doctors to identify disease years before symptoms appear. Screening programs in men aged 55 to 69 years may prevent approximately 1.3 deaths from prostate cancer over approximately 13 years per 1,000 men screened.

The benefits include:

  • Early Detection: Identifying cancer when it’s most treatable
  • Monitoring: Tracking changes over time in men on active surveillance
  • Risk Assessment: Combined with other tests and digital rectal exams for comprehensive evaluation
  • Treatment Planning: Guiding decisions about minimally invasive surgical options

However, PSA testing has limitations. About 6-7% of men have a false-positive PSA test on any given screening round, and only about 25% of men who have a biopsy due to an elevated PSA level are found to have prostate cancer.

False positives can lead to anxiety and unnecessary procedures. Prostate biopsies carry risks including infection, pain, and bleeding. Approximately 1% of prostate biopsies result in complications requiring hospitalization.

Perhaps the most significant concern is overdiagnosis—detecting slow-growing cancers that would never cause symptoms or shorten life expectancy. Many low-grade prostate cancers grow so slowly that men die with them rather than from them, particularly in older age groups.

The National Cancer Institute and American Cancer Society both emphasize informed decision-making, ensuring patients understand these tradeoffs before proceeding with screening.

Taking Control of Your Prostate Health

PSA screening represents a powerful tool in men’s health when used appropriately. The key is understanding your personal risk factors, starting conversations with your doctor at the right age, and interpreting results within the broader context of your overall health.

Bottom line: Most men should discuss PSA screening starting at 55, while high-risk men should begin these conversations as early as 40. Your PSA number matters, but it’s just one piece of the puzzle—trends over time, age-adjusted ranges, and clinical symptoms all inform the complete picture.

At St. Pete Urology, our team of board-certified urologists—Dr. Reid Graves, Dr. Nicholas Laryngakis, Dr. Adam Oppenheim, and Dr. Ankur Shah—specialize in comprehensive prostate cancer screening and treatment. We believe in partnering with each patient to make informed decisions about screening, diagnosis, and treatment options tailored to your unique situation.

Don’t wait for symptoms to appear. If you’re approaching 55, or if you have risk factors that suggest earlier screening, contact St. Pete Urology at (727) 478-1172 to schedule a consultation. Early detection saves lives, and we’re here to guide you through every step of protecting your prostate health.

 

References:

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]]> Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer Explained https://stpeteurology.com/prostate-cancer-treatment-options/ Thu, 26 Jun 2025 06:37:59 +0000 https://stpeteurology.com/?p=15282 Explore prostate cancer treatment options, from active surveillance to surgery, with insights tailored for St. Petersburg patients. Understand your choices.

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3 Key Takeaways:

  • Active surveillance lets low-risk patients avoid unnecessary side effects.
  • Brachytherapy offers high 10-year survival with fewer urinary/sexual impacts.
  • Hormone therapy controls advanced cancer in 95% of cases but has notable side effects.

Prostate cancer treatment options can feel overwhelming, especially when considering factors like stage, side effects, and personal preferences. In this guide, we’ll break down the most common approaches—active surveillance, brachytherapy, hormone therapy, surgery, and radiation—so you can confidently discuss your care with the St. Pete Urology team. By the end, you’ll understand the pros and cons of each and feel empowered to make the best decision for your health.

Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer

Active surveillance is a non‑invasive strategy for men with low-risk, early-stage prostate cancer. Instead of immediate treatment, patients in St. Petersburg are monitored with regular PSA blood tests, digital rectal exams (DRE), and MRI scans. It’s especially suitable for men with slow-growing tumors who wish to avoid the side effects of surgery or radiation. Many men remain on surveillance for years without needing active treatment.

Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer

Brachytherapy involves implanting radioactive seeds directly into the prostate. According to the Mayo Clinic, it’s a highly effective option for localized cancer and can be completed in a single outpatient session. In a recent study, over 50,000 men received LDR brachytherapy yearly in the U.S., showing 10‑year survival rates comparable to surgery, with fewer urinary and erectile side effects.

Hormone Therapy – Common Patient Questions

Why use hormone therapy?
Hormone therapy (androgen deprivation) lowers testosterone to slow cancer growth in advanced cases.

How common are side effects?
Up to 70% of men experience hot flashes, loss of libido, fatigue, and bone density loss within the first year .

Does it work?
Yes — hormone therapy controls tumor growth in over 95% of metastatic cases and normalizes PSA in 70% of men.

Surgery vs Radiation – Making the Right Choice

Choosing between prostatectomy and external beam radiation depends on cancer stage, patient health, and tolerances. Both offer similar 10-year survival rates for localized tumors. Surgery has a slightly higher risk of urinary incontinence, while radiation may increase mild bowel irritation . Many men in St. Petersburg discuss options like robotic‐assisted surgery or IMRT radiation with their urology team to weigh benefits and side effects.

 

Understanding prostate cancer treatment options helps you take an active role in your care. Whether you choose active surveillance, brachytherapy, hormone therapy, or surgery/radiation, each path has benefits and trade‑offs. The urologists at St. Pete Urology are here to guide you through personalized care. Call us today for a consultation and start your journey with confidence.

 

References:

 

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]]> Early Signs of Prostate Cancer: What Should Men Know? https://stpeteurology.com/early-signs-prostate-cancer/ Tue, 24 Jun 2025 19:11:57 +0000 https://stpeteurology.com/?p=15270 Discover the early signs of prostate cancer, from urinary changes to subtle red flags, and learn when men in St. Petersburg should schedule screenings.

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3 Key Takeaways:

  • Urinary changes like weak stream or frequent nighttime urination are common early signs.
  • Sexual symptoms—ejaculatory changes and erectile dysfunction—can signal early prostate issues.
  • Persistent pain, fatigue, or unexplained symptoms warrant prompt evaluation and possible PSA screening.

Early signs of prostate cancer can be subtle—but recognizing them early is crucial for effective treatment. For men in St. Petersburg and beyond, understanding these warning signs empowers proactive health decisions. This post explores urinary, sexual, and lesser-known symptoms, and offers clear guidance on when to seek screening and consult a urologist. Early detection is a proven factor in successfully managing and overcoming prostate cancer.

Urinary Warning Signs: What to Watch For

Changes in urination patterns are often among the earliest indicators of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer warning signs related to urinary function include:

  • Frequent urination, particularly at night, disrupting restful sleep.
  • Weak or interrupted urine stream, making urination prolonged or uncomfortable.
  • Difficulty initiating or fully emptying the bladder, causing discomfort and a sense of incomplete urination.
  • Blood in urine (hematuria), which may be visible or detected only during medical testing.

Though these symptoms can also indicate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or urinary infections, persistent or progressively worsening symptoms merit prompt medical evaluation to rule out prostate cancer.

Sexual & Ejaculatory Symptoms: Look Beyond Urination

Early prostate cancer symptoms extend beyond urinary changes. Men should remain vigilant about sexual health changes, such as:

  • Erectile dysfunction (ED) or noticeable reduction in ejaculatory volume.
  • Painful ejaculation or discomfort during sexual activity.
  • Blood in semen, which can be alarming and indicative of prostate issues.

According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, around 15% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer first report sexual health issues, emphasizing the importance of addressing these symptoms promptly with a healthcare provider.

Less-Known Clues & Patient Questions

Patients often have specific concerns regarding prostate cancer, including:

Q1. Can lower back or pelvic pain indicate prostate cancer?

Yes, persistent pain in the lower back, hips, or pelvic region might signal prostate cancer, particularly if it persists or worsens over time. Pain could indicate tumor growth or metastatic disease progression.

Q2. Should weight loss or fatigue raise concern?

Unexpected weight loss and ongoing fatigue are nonspecific but potentially significant signs of advanced prostate cancer. These symptoms reflect systemic impact and require medical attention.

Q3. When should prostate cancer screening start?

Screening discussions should begin around age 45 to 50, or earlier if there are additional risk factors, such as family history or African American ethnicity. PSA blood tests and digital rectal exams (DRE) are standard screening tools recommended by urologists.

Local Considerations: Prostate Cancer Awareness in St. Petersburg

Florida sees about 24,000 new prostate cancer cases annually, with nearly 97 in every 100,000 men diagnosed yearly. Local awareness initiatives, including events hosted by St Pete Urology, offer vital educational resources, screenings, and community support tailored specifically to St. Petersburg residents.

Recognizing early signs of prostate cancer significantly improves treatment outcomes and quality of life. Monitoring urinary, sexual, and systemic symptoms is key. Residents in St. Petersburg are strongly encouraged to consult with St Pete Urology for regular screenings, timely evaluations, and expert care. Don’t wait—early action can truly make a difference in your health and well-being.

 

 

References:

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]]> Can Prostatitis Be Prevented and How? https://stpeteurology.com/can-prostatitis-be-prevented-and-how/ Mon, 02 Oct 2023 07:07:23 +0000 https://stpeteurology.com/?p=14671 Understand how can prostatitis be prevented and why is it significantly more beneficial than managing and treatment of the condition.

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Key Takeaways:

  • Prevention is the best medicine when it comes to prostatitis, and involves a combination of a healthy lifestyle, good hygiene, supplements, stress management, and regular check-ups.
  • Proper hygiene, particularly in the genital area, can prevent infections leading to prostatitis.
  • Regular check-ups are crucial in maintaining prostate health and can help detect any problems early. Urologists can perform screening tests to assess prostate health.

Can Prostatitis be PreventedWe are going to expand upon a medical condition known as prostatitis, a common and often frustrating disorder afflicting men. Moreover, we want to highlight why it’s not only important to manage and treat prostatitis, but significantly more beneficial to prevent it altogether.

Understanding Prostatitis: A Deeper Dive

There are different types of prostatitis; acute bacterial, chronic bacterial, chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis. Each variety has unique causes and risk factors, ranging from bacterial infections to nerve damage in the pelvic area, or even psychological stress. Symptoms vary as well, but commonly include discomfort, pain, and urinary issues. In more severe cases, prostatitis can lead to infertility or an increased risk of prostate cancer.

Preventive Measures for Prostatitis: Nipping it in the Bud

To block prostatitis, one should maintain a healthy lifestyle. Start with regular exercise, it keeps you fit and boosts your immune system. Diet matters too; a balanced one rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean protein is paramount. Drink lots of water and try to avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, which can irritate your bladder.

Proper hygiene, particularly in the genital area, can prevent infections leading to prostatitis. Safe sexual practices are advised. As for urination, men should not hold it in for extended periods, instead opting to empty the bladder regularly.

Apart from lifestyle practices, consider supplements or medications. Probiotics may help enhance your urinary health. Herbal remedies like saw palmetto are often suggested for prostate health, but their efficacy varies. Prescription medications such as antibiotics, alpha blockers, and anti-inflammatory agents may help in preventing prostatitis.

Lastly, manage your stress. The link between stress and prostatitis is well-founded. Incorporating stress reduction techniques like deep breathing, yoga, or meditation into your daily routine may be advantageous. Don’t hesitate to seek professional help if ever you feel overwhelmed.

Regular Prostate Check-ups and Early Detection: Know Where You Stand

Regular check-ups are crucial in maintaining prostate health and can help detect any problems early. Urologists in FL can perform screening tests, such as the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test and digital rectal exam, to assess prostate health. Should signs or symptoms occur, don’t delay in seeking medical advice. Immediate action can make a big difference in the outcome of any prostate disorder.

Conclusion: Prevention is the Best Medicine

In sum, prostatitis can be prevented through a combination of a healthy lifestyle, good hygiene, supplements, stress management, and regular check-ups. A proactive approach to prostate health not only reduces the risk of prostatitis, but also enhances overall well-being. To ensure optimal prostate health, prevention is key.

That’s where the specialists at St Pete Urology come in. Based in St. Petersburg, Florida, our experienced team provides comprehensive urologic care. From preventive screenings to innovative treatments, we are committed to promoting and preserving your prostate health. So why take the risk? Partner with the team at St Pete Urology and navigate your journey to optimal prostate health with confidence. After all, prevention is more than just a measure, it’s a commitment to your well-being.

References:

The post Can Prostatitis Be Prevented and How? appeared first on St Pete Urology.

]]> What Are the Different Types of Prostate Problems? – Dr. Adam Oppenheim https://stpeteurology.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-prostate-problems-dr-adam-oppenheim/ Fri, 02 Jun 2023 13:08:24 +0000 https://stpeteurology.com/?p=14085 Key Takeaways: There are two main types of prostate problems: Benign Prostatic Growth and Prostate Cancer. Early detection is key in managing and treating prostate cancer and should begin at age 50 (or 45 for those with a family history or higher risk factors). Treatment for both benign prostatic growth and prostate cancer depends on […]

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Key Takeaways:

  1. There are two main types of prostate problems: Benign Prostatic Growth and Prostate Cancer.
  2. Early detection is key in managing and treating prostate cancer and should begin at age 50 (or 45 for those with a family history or higher risk factors).
  3. Treatment for both benign prostatic growth and prostate cancer depends on various factors and should be personalized to meet each patient’s unique needs.

Getting to Know Your Prostate

As the wise Dr. Adam Oppenheim says, “I’m a urologist with St. Pete Urology.” And who better to enlighten us on the different types of prostate problems than a seasoned professional? So, sit back and let’s delve into the world of prostate health.

First, let’s begin with some basics. The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located just below the bladder in men. Its primary function is to produce the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. While this may seem like a small and insignificant part of the male anatomy, it can cause significant problems if not properly cared for.

Two Main Types of Prostate Problems

Dr. Oppenheim outlines two main issues in urology related to the prostate:

  1. Benign Prostatic Growth
  2. Prostate Cancer

Let’s take a closer look at each of these issues.

Benign Prostatic Growth: When Nature Takes Its Course

As Dr. Oppenheim explains, benign prostatic growth occurs when “patients have trouble urinating and they’re very bothered and often have to urinate very frequently or have a blocked stream.” This condition is known as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and is a natural part of the aging process for men.

However, the symptoms of BPH can be quite bothersome, including:

  • Frequent urination
  • Difficulty starting and stopping urination
  • Weak urine stream
  • Dribbling of urine

While BPH is not life-threatening, it can significantly impact a man’s quality of life. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of symptoms and may include medications, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery.

Prostate Cancer: The Silent Threat

The second issue, prostate cancer, is a more sinister problem. Dr. Oppenheim informs us that “it doesn’t usually cause symptoms, but it can cause life-threatening cancer down the road if not treated.” This type of cancer occurs when malignant cells begin to grow uncontrollably in the prostate gland, often without any noticeable symptoms.

Early detection is key in managing and treating prostate cancer. Dr. Oppenheim suggests that men should begin screening for prostate cancer at age 50 (or 45 for those with a family history or higher risk factors). Regular screening tests, such as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test and digital rectal exam (DRE), can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.

Choosing the Right Path: Customized Treatment Options for Prostate Problems

The course of treatment for both benign prostatic growth and prostate cancer depends on various factors, including the severity of the condition, age, overall health, and personal preferences. Dr. Oppenheim and the experts at St. Pete Urology offer personalized treatment plans designed to meet each patient’s unique needs.

For BPH, treatment options may include medication management, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery. For prostate cancer, treatment options can range from active surveillance (monitoring) to radiation or surgery, depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer.

Conclusion: Trusting Your Prostate Health to St Pete Urology

Dr. Adam Oppenheim and the team at St Pete Urology in St Petersburg, Florida, understand the importance of early detection and customized treatment plans for men dealing with prostate problems. As Dr. Oppenheim says, “prostate health is a vital component of overall well-being, and we are here to help you navigate the complexities of this often-misunderstood aspect of men’s health.”

Don’t leave your prostate health to chance. Trust the urology professionals at St Pete Urology to provide the expertise and compassionate care you need. Schedule an appointment today and take control of your prostate health.

References:

Transcription:

I’m Dr. Adam Oppenheim, I’m a urologist with St. Pete Urology.
So the prostate, there’s kind of two main issues in urology with the prostate.
There’s benign prostatic growth where patients have trouble urinating and they’re very bothered and often have to urinate very frequently or have a blocked stream.
And then there’s prostate cancer which is different and that doesn’t usually cause symptoms but it can cause life threatening cancer down the road if not treated.

The post What Are the Different Types of Prostate Problems? – Dr. Adam Oppenheim appeared first on St Pete Urology.

]]> What is a PSA Test, and When is the Right Time to Get It? – Dr. Adam Oppenheim https://stpeteurology.com/what-is-a-psa-test-and-when-is-the-right-time-to-get-it-dr-adam-oppenheim/ Fri, 26 May 2023 14:46:49 +0000 https://stpeteurology.com/?p=14064 Key Takeaways: The PSA Test measures the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a man’s blood and is used to screen for prostate cancer. When to get tested depends on your age and risk factors. For men aged 55-70 without high-risk factors, it is recommended to consider getting a PSA test. Early detection of prostate […]

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Key Takeaways:

  1. The PSA Test measures the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a man’s blood and is used to screen for prostate cancer.
  2. When to get tested depends on your age and risk factors. For men aged 55-70 without high-risk factors, it is recommended to consider getting a PSA test.
  3. Early detection of prostate cancer is key to successful treatment, so speaking to your doctor about when to get tested is important in safeguarding your health.

Understanding the PSA Test

Ranked as the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men, prostate cancer demands serious attention. Yet, with early detection, many men can successfully overcome this potentially deadly disease. So, what precisely is a PSA test, and when should you consider undergoing one? Dr. Adam Oppenheim is a distinguished urologist at St. Pete Urology. He offers valuable insights into the significance of this vital diagnostic tool.

“A PSA is a blood test, it stands for the prostate-specific antigen, and it’s a blood test used in the screening of men for prostate cancer.” – Dr. Adam Oppenheim

Unveiling the PSA Test: How it Works

The PSA test measures the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a man’s blood. This protein is produced by the prostate gland and is vital for the normal functioning of the prostate. However, elevated levels of PSA can be a red flag, indicating the possible presence of prostate cancer. It is important to note that other factors, such as age, medication, and inflammation, can also affect PSA levels.

When to Get Tested: Age and Risk Factors

The right time to start considering a PSA test largely depends on your age and risk factors. According to Dr. Oppenheim:

“Well, the guidelines recommend that screening for prostate cancer happen between the ages of 55 and 70 unless the patient has significant high-risk factors for prostate cancer, which are family history or being an African American.”

If you fall into this age range and have no high-risk factors, it’s time to think about getting a PSA test. However, if you have a family history of prostate cancer or are of African-American descent, consult your doctor. You should discuss the possibility of earlier screening to ensure proactive health management.

Treatment Options: Surgery vs. Radiation

When your PSA test reveals an elevated level of PSA, your doctor will probably recommend additional tests to confirm the presence of cancer. If cancer is indeed detected, the recommended treatment plan hinges on various factors. These factors include your age, as well as the stage of the cancer. It’s a comprehensive assessment that guides the most appropriate course of action.

“So it largely depends on how old the patient is, a younger patient is likely to be counseled to undergo surgery and have the prostate removed, whereas an older patient is probably more likely to be counseled to undergo radiation where they don’t have to have an inpatient setting of an operation and they can do treatments as an outpatient.” – Dr. Adam Oppenheim

Ultimately, whether you choose surgery or radiation treatment will be a personal decision made in consultation with your doctor.

Taking Control: The Importance of Early Detection

Prostate cancer is a serious medical condition, but with early detection, it can often be successfully treated. By understanding the PSA test and speaking to your doctor about when to get tested, you take an active role in safeguarding your health.

At St Pete Urology, a leading urology practice in St. Petersburg, Florida, their expert team is dedicated to helping you navigate your prostate health journey. From discussing your risk factors to offering guidance on treatment options, St Pete Urology accompanies you every step of the way. Their presence ensures that you receive the best possible care throughout your journey. Don’t leave your prostate health to chance. Reach out to the professionals at St Pete Urology today.

References:

Transcription:

I’m Dr. Adam Oppenheim, I’m a urologist with St. Pete Urology.
A PSA is a blood test, it stands for the prostate specific antigen, it’s a blood test used in the screening of men for prostate cancer.
Well the guidelines recommend that screening for prostate cancer happen between the ages of 55 and 70, unless the patient has significant high risk factors for prostate cancer, which are family history or being an African American.
So it largely depends on how old the patient is, a younger patient is likely to be counseled to undergo surgery and have the prostate removed, whereas an older patient is probably more likely to be counseled to undergo radiation where they don’t have to have an inpatient setting of an operation and they can do treatments as an outpatient.

The post What is a PSA Test, and When is the Right Time to Get It? – Dr. Adam Oppenheim appeared first on St Pete Urology.

]]> What are the 4 stages of prostate cancer? https://stpeteurology.com/what-are-the-4-stages-of-prostate-cancer/ https://stpeteurology.com/what-are-the-4-stages-of-prostate-cancer/#respond Fri, 11 Feb 2022 18:41:24 +0000 https://stpeteurology.com/?p=12990 Key takeaways Prostate cancer starts in the prostate gland, but can spread outside of it if not detected and treated early. To confirm a diagnosis of prostate cancer and assess the stage of the cancer, doctors will use tests such as the PSA test and DRE, as well as a biopsy, ultrasound, MRI, and CT […]

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Key takeaways

  • Prostate cancer starts in the prostate gland, but can spread outside of it if not detected and treated early.
  • To confirm a diagnosis of prostate cancer and assess the stage of the cancer, doctors will use tests such as the PSA test and DRE, as well as a biopsy, ultrasound, MRI, and CT scans.
  • The cancer is staged based on the size and spread of the tumor, with Stage I being the least advanced and having a high survival rate.

Prostate cancer starts and grows in the prostate gland, but may spread outside the prostate, particularly when not detected and treated early. As it grows and spreads away from the prostate, the tumor may invade nearby tissues and consequently get carried via lymph nodes and lymph vessels traveling to distant tissues.

Grading of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is primarily screened using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and the digital rectal exam (DRE). And when screening tests give abnormal results, your physician will run further tests to confirm the diagnosis, grade the cells, and then assess the stage of the cancer.

To confirm the diagnosis, your doctor will order a prostate biopsy.  The test involves obtaining a sample of tissue from the most affected areas of the prostate and having the cells examined by a pathologist to determine if they are cancerous. And since cancerous cells appear different from healthy cells, the biopsy helps to confirm the diagnosis.

The appearance of cells is also used to grade the cancer. Usually, the cells are classified using the Gleason system, which uses the numbers 1 to 5 to grade the patterns of cells seen in the tissue sample as the most common (primary) and the second most common (secondary) patterns of cells.

Cells that look much similar to normal cells are given a score of 1, and then the scores 2-4 are given an increasing order of difference from normal ones. Therefore a score of 4 represents cells that are more different and have a higher chance of uncontrolled replication than a score of 2. And a score of 5 is given to cells that are completely different from normal prostate cells.

The total Gleason score is obtained by adding the primary and secondary scores, with the least tally that indicates cancer being 6—a score that shows a low-grade, least aggressive cancer. A Gleason score of 7 indicates a medium-grade cancer, while tallies of 8, 9 or 10 show a high-grade cancer.

Generally, the higher the score, the more the cancer cells appear different from normal prostate cells, and the more aggressive the cancer. Aggressiveness of a cancer means it has more chances of spreading to other areas of the body.

Today, the Gleason score is used alongside the grade group score to help stage prostate cancer. Other tests that help assessing the stage of prostate cancer include Transrectal ultrasound, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), MRI of the prostate, abdominal and pelvic CT scan to detect the potential spread of the cancer, nuclear scans to detect spread to bones, and surgical biopsy to check lymph nodes of your pelvis for the tumor.

So what are the stages of prostate cancer?

Staging of a prostate cancer means classifying the cancer according to how far it has spread and its effects on the prostate. The staging system helps in tailoring treatment to properly address the tumor.

To determine the stage of a cancer, your doctor will use a number of indicators. For instance, your doctor will use the TNM system, which has three different aspects. Tumor (T) describes the size of the main area of the cancer, nodes (N) identifies whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and to what extent, while metastasis (M) describes how far from the prostate the cancer has spread.

Similarly, your physician will use the Gleason score and the grade group score to stage the cancer. The higher the Gleason or grade group score, the more aggressive and widely spread the cancer. Plus, your doctor will use the PSA level, ultrasound, MRI, CT scans, nuclear scans, and surgery to correctly stage the cancer.

  1. Stage I Prostate Cancer

The least advanced prostate cancer, usually small and not yet spread beyond the prostate, is called stage I prostate cancer.  It is characterized by a PSA level that’s less than10 ng/mL, a Gleason score of 6, and a grade group score of 1. The cancer has a 5-year survival rate of almost 100 percent.

Stage I prostate cancer is managed by active surveillance for nearly all patients with a Gleason score of 6, unless the patient is unwilling or unable to undergo additional biopsies or has high-volume disease.

Active surveillance means your doctor monitors the tumor over time to check whether further treatment is necessary. Apart from active surveillance, stage I cancer may be treated using radical prostatectomy—the surgical removal of the prostate; or radiation therapy, either alone or with prostate removal.

  1. State II Prostate Cancer

The cancer is still restricted to the prostate and has not spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body.  Also, it may or may not be felt during a prostate exam, though it may appear on ultrasound imaging.

Stage II prostate cancer has a PSA score of less than 20ng/mL, but is further divided into three phases depending on Gleason scores and grade group scores. Stage IIA has a Gleason score of 6 or less and grade group score of 1, stage IIB has a Gleason score of 7 (3+4) and grade group score of 2, while stage IIC has a Gleason score of 7 or 8 and grade group score of 3 or 4.

For stages IIA and IIB, active surveillance may be adequate. But, in some cases, doctors recommend removing the prostate together with the surrounding lymph nodes in order to prevent further spread of the cancer. Your doctor may also consider radiation therapy, in the form of external beam or brachytherapy.

For stage IIC, a combination of hormone therapy with radiation therapy in select patients—group grade 3 or those with more than 50-percent positive biopsy cores, usually gives great results.

  1. Stage III prostate cancer

At this stage, the cancer may or may not have spread outside the prostate. If the tumor hasn’t spread outside the prostate, the 5-year survival rate still remains close to 100-percent. But when the tumor has spread, the survival rate is reduced.

Stage III prostate cancer is divided into three sub-groups: IIIA, IIIB and IIIC. In stage IIIA, the cancer hasn’t spread outside the prostate, has a PSA level of 20ng/mL or higher, a Gleason score of 8 or less, and grade group score of 1 to 4.

Stage IIIB has spread outside the prostate and may have reached the seminal vesicles or the surrounding tissue, but it hasn’t reached the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. It may have any PSA level, but a Gleason score of 9 or 10, and grade group score of 5.

Stage IIIC prostate cancer may or may not have spread to the lymph nodes or other nearby organs. It has any PSA level, but a Gleason score of 9 or 10 and a grade group score of 5.

Stage III prostate cancer is treated through a combination of external beam radiation and hormone therapy. In some cases, brachytherapy or radical prostatectomy—with removal of pelvic lymph nodes—is considered. Active surveillance isn’t used for stage III prostate cancer because there is a higher risk of disease progression if not treated.

  1.     Stage IV prostate cancer

This is the most advanced form of prostate cancer. The cancer has typically spread to distant parts of the body and affected several organs. Stage IV prostate cancer is divided into IVA and IVB. Stage IVA tumor has spread to nearby lymph nodes but hasn’t reached other areas of the body. Stage IVB tumor has reached distant lymph nodes and many other areas including bones or organs.

The treatments for stage IV prostate cancer include hormone therapy, chemotherapy, external beam radiation, targeted radiation and potentially prostate surgery.

Effective, state-of-the-art treatment

Successful treatment of prostate cancer depends on regular screening to increase the chances of early detection, correct grading of the cancerous cells, and proper staging of the cancer. Early detection ensures a higher survival rate just as the right staging ensures that the treatment administered is safe and effective.

At St Pete Urology, after a diagnosis, our skilled and experienced urologists select the right tests to determine the stage of the cancer. Then through a multidisciplinary approach, we provide a tailored treatment with the highest potential of achieving the best possible outcomes.

Call us today to book your screening, diagnosis and treatment of prostate-related problems. For more information on prostate cancer and other urological disorders, visit https://stpeteurology.com/

References

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]]> https://stpeteurology.com/what-are-the-4-stages-of-prostate-cancer/feed/ 0 What are the key signs of prostate cancer? https://stpeteurology.com/what-are-the-key-signs-of-prostate-cancer/ https://stpeteurology.com/what-are-the-key-signs-of-prostate-cancer/#respond Thu, 20 Jan 2022 14:20:20 +0000 https://stpeteurology.com/?p=12964 Key takeaways Prostate cancer occurs when prostate cells grow and multiply uncontrollably, and can be malignant and life-threatening if it spreads to other parts of the body. Early-stage prostate cancer does not have any unique signs or symptoms and is difficult to detect, making regular screening and testing important for early detection. Common screening tests […]

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Key takeaways

  • Prostate cancer occurs when prostate cells grow and multiply uncontrollably, and can be malignant and life-threatening if it spreads to other parts of the body.
  • Early-stage prostate cancer does not have any unique signs or symptoms and is difficult to detect, making regular screening and testing important for early detection.
  • Common screening tests for prostate cancer include the PSA test and the DRE, and men who are 55-69 years old, African-American, or have a family history of prostate cancer should consider getting screened.

The prostate is a tiny, walnut-shaped gland in the pelvis. Located near the bladder and felt through a digital rectal exam, the prostate produces the fluid that transports and nourishes sperm. The fluid—called seminal fluid—is squeezed out via the urethra during ejaculation.

What is prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer occurs in the prostate when prostate cells grow and multiply non-stop. The growth of the prostate can either be benign or malignant. Benign growth of the prostate, also called benign prostatic hyperplasia, is rarely a threat to life as it doesn’t invade tissues around your prostate, doesn’t spread, and can be removed or shrink back.

On the other hand, prostate cancer is a malignant growth that can spread to nearby organs like the bladder or rectum and is, therefore, a threat to life. This cancer can spread to other parts of your body and may grow back after removal.

When prostate cancer cells break away from the prostate, they can spread through lymph nodes or blood vessels to other parts of your body. 

Upon spreading, the cancer cells attach to other tissues and grow to form new tumors that cause damage in the areas where they land.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. 

Although most cases of prostate cancers grow slowly and are restricted to the prostate gland, where they tend to cause little harm, some types of cancer are aggressive, spread quickly, and are life-threatening.

What are the key signs of prostate cancer?

Early-stage prostate cancer doesn’t have any unique signs or symptoms. It starts in the outer areas of the prostate and grows slowly. These areas are away from the urethra, so the growing tissue mass does not press against the tube and affects your urination.

There are no early urinary signs of prostate cancer. When symptoms occur, they are usually related to the non-cancerous condition called enlarged prostate or another health condition.

Nevertheless, as the tumor grows and spreads, it begins to affect the organs around the prostate. So with time, it will eventually show signs as it breaks out of the gland (locally advanced prostate cancer) or spreads to other areas of the body (advanced prostate cancer).

Unfortunately, even late-stage prostate cancer shares signs with other urological disorders, making it difficult to tell whether it is due to cancer or other conditions, such as prostatitis or benign prostate enlargement (BPH). 

That is why the key to establishing if you have prostate cancer is seeing a urologist, who will order tests to help find out what is causing the symptoms.

When they occur, the symptoms of prostate cancer include:

  1. Dull pain in the lower pelvic area
  2. Trouble starting to urinate or to empty your bladder
  3. Interrupted or weak urine flow
  4. Dribbling of urine after urinating or a feeling that the bladder hasn’t emptied properly
  5. Frequent urination, particularly at night
  6. Pain or burning sensation when urinating
  7. Difficulty having an erection, painful ejaculation, or decrease in the amount of ejaculate
  8. Blood in urine or semen
  9. Pain or pressure in the rectum
  10. Persistent pain in the back, hip, or pelvis
  11. Unexplained weight loss
  12. Bone pain
  13. Loss of appetite

Diagnosis of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is highly treatable when detected early. But for the condition to be discovered early, frequent screening is necessary. 

Screening means you undergo testing even though you have no symptoms. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and the digital rectal examination (DRE) are the most commonly used screening tests. Both help detect cancer early, although they aren’t perfect tests.

Speak with your urologist about whether or not you should undergo screening. Your doctor will assess your degree of risk and decide whether you should have the PSA test and the DRE. Generally, you should be screened if you are 55-69 years or older, African-American male, or have a family history of prostate cancer.

If the screening tests show that you might have cancer, your doctor will recommend a biopsy for confirmation. The decision to have a biopsy is based on the PSA and DRE results. Your doctor will also consider family history, ethnicity, and other health factors.

At St Pete Urology, we offer screening, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Through our patient-centered, compassionate approach to care, we have ensured that most of our at-higher-risk clients are enrolled in screening.  

We have employed a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach that ensures all our patients get the best possible care. 

Call us today for more information on prostate cancer and other urology disorders.

References

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