Uncovering the Source of Unpleasant Stones: Examining Kidney Stones and their Causes

Key Takeaways:

  1. Genetics, diet, medications, and other risk factors can all contribute to the formation of kidney stones.
  2. Adequate hydration, physical activity, and getting enough calcium can help reduce the risk of kidney stone formation.
  3. St Pete Urology has specialized experience in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of kidney stones.

 

Kidney stones are a common condition that can cause severe pain. They differ in size, shape, and composition and can develop in one or both kidneys. In some cases, they are so small they pass unnoticed with no attendant symptoms. In other cases, the stones are larger, and the symptoms can be quite severe. Identifying the source of the stones can lead to better treatments and even prevention for many individuals. Knowing the causes of kidney stones leads to a better understanding of their development and the steps that should be taken to prevent them.

Genetics

Genetics may also play a role in kidney stone formation. It appears that inheriting genes from family members may increase the risk of developing stones. Additionally, the risk of kidney stones may vary depending on sex. Men are more likely to develop stones than women.

Diet

Diet also plays a role in stone formation. There is an association between consuming too little dietary calcium and kidney stones. Additionally, foods with a high content of oxalate (such as spinach, chard, rhubarb, and other dark leafy greens) can increase the risk of stone formation.

Medications

Some medications can increase the risk of kidney stones, including certain antibiotics and diuretics. It is also important to pay attention to the potential for dangerous drug interactions with other medications and food.

Other Risk Factors

Dehydration is one of the main risk factors for developing kidney stones. Additionally, underlying medical conditions such as diabetes and gout can increase the risk of developing stones.

Prevention

Fortunately, there are ways to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation. Adequate hydration, including drinking enough fluids, is essential. Additionally, engaging in regular physical activity and getting an appropriate amount of calcium consumption can help prevent the development of stones. Certain medications and supplements can also help reduce the risk.

Conclusion

Kidney stones are common and can be incredibly painful when they reach a certain size. Fortunately, understanding the source of stones and the factors that contribute to their formation can help with diagnosis, treatment and even prevention. Genetics, diet, medications and other risk factors can all influence the development of kidney stones. Therefore, making lifestyle changes and being mindful of risk factors can help reduce the formation of stones.

At St Pete Urology, our physicians have specialized training in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones. Our experienced and caring staff are prepared to help you from diagnosis through treatment, helping you reduce the risk of developing a stone again. Contact us today to get on the path to preventing and treating kidney stones.

References:

How Much Does a Vasectomy Cost?

Key Takeaways:

  1. Vasectomies are a permanent form of contraception and are typically a cost-effective solution.
  2. Costs of vasectomies can range from under a thousand dollars to several thousand depending on associated fees.
  3. St Pete Urology is a reliable and experienced urology practice offering a range of services including vasectomies and reversals.

Vasectomies have become an increasingly popular form of permanent contraception for couples who have decided not to have children. But along with this growing popularity comes the question of how much does a vasectomy cost? In this article, we will address the procedure, cost factors, advantages and disadvantages, and more.

Introduction

A vasectomy is a surgical procedure performed by a qualified physician or urologist that renders a male patient sterile by sealing off the tubes that carry sperm from the testes. Patients must be informed of the permanent nature of a vasectomy before they proceed with the procedure. Couples may consider a vasectomy for various reasons. These reasons include family planning, a desire for longer-term contraception, and personal health considerations.

What Does a Vasectomy Involve?

The vasectomy itself is a relatively straightforward procedure typically performed in a physician’s office. After receiving local anesthesia, the healthcare provider cuts and seals the patient’s vas deferens. These tubes transport sperm to the penis along with seminal fluid, and this procedure is performed using surgical techniques. The entire procedure is minimally invasive and typically only requires a few stitches in the scrotum. However, potential side effects can include swelling, infection and bleeding.

Cost Overview

There is no single price for a vasectomy. Costs can vary depending on several factors. These factors include the complexity of the procedure, the office’s location, the urologist’s fees, the type of anesthesia administered, and any prescribed medications. Generally speaking, however, the basic procedure rarely costs more than $1,000 and is often covered under insurance, although some policies may have exclusions. Anesthesiology and aftercare, such as follow-up visits, can add anywhere from $200-$500 or more to the overall cost. In some cases, a sliding scale fee system may be available, which adjusts the fee based on the patient’s income level. Alternatively, financing options may be offered to assist with covering the costs of the procedure.

Advantages of Vasectomy

The main benefit of a vasectomy is that it is a permanent form of contraception. Additionally, a vasectomy is considered a minimally invasive procedure. Furthermore, it can typically be completed in less than an hour at a doctor’s office. When factoring in the recovery time, a vasectomy proves to be a cost-effective method of birth control. This cost-effectiveness becomes evident when compared to other long-term forms of contraception.

Disadvantages of Vasectomy

The main disadvantage of a vasectomy is that it is irreversible. The technique of vasectomy reversal, or vasovasostomy, is available, but it is not always successful or cost-effective, and can require multiple surgeries. Veins may form in the connective tissues that are cut and create scarring, which can reduce or prevent their function. Additionally, the procedure itself can involve complications such as infection, swelling and bleeding. Lastly, a vasectomy can also have emotional and psychological consequences for a couple if they decide at a later point that they want to have children.

Conclusion

A vasectomy is a permanent form of contraception that can be a cost-effective solution for couples who have decided not to have children. The cost of a vasectomy can range from under a thousand dollars, to several thousands depending on associated fees. Additionally, the procedure can have associated risks and potential emotional effects. When considering a vasectomy, it is important for couples to manage expectations, understand the potential risks, plan for any changes that may occur, and be aware of any potential for the procedure to be reversed.

St Pete Urology is a trusted urology practice located in St Petersburg, Florida. Their team of experienced registered nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants partner with highly skilled and experienced urologists to provide the highest quality of urological care. St Pete Urology has earned a positive reputation among patients and their peers, and they offer a wide range of services that include vasectomies and vasectomy reversals.

References:

The Role of Diet in UTI Prevention and Treatment

3 Key Takeaways:

  1. Diet can play a role in UTI prevention and treatment by reducing exposure to UTI-causing bacteria, changing the pH of urine, flushing out bacteria, preventing bacteria from attaching to cells, and adding good bacteria to the urinary tract. 
  2. Eating a vegetarian diet, drinking plenty of fluids, eating foods rich in vitamin C, and eating berries can help protect against UTIs. 
  3. Avoiding sugary foods, bladder irritants, acidic fruits, and animal meats can reduce the risk of UTIs and improve recovery.

Do you already have a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

If so, you need immediate antibiotic treatment—UTIs respond well to antibiotics. But if your UTI is a stubborn or recurrent illness, then you should try a dietary change alongside the antibiotics. There are foods that can protect your urinary tract by increasing the pH of the tract, stopping the growth of bacteria, or preventing bacterial attachment on cells. In turn, they improve the efficiency of antibiotics and speed up recovery. So, what is the role of diet in UTI prevention and treatment?

  1. Can reduce exposure to UTI-causing bacteria

Some foods are reservoirs of UTI-causing bacteria while others are not. For example, pork, poultry, and other types of animal meat are reservoirs of the bacterial strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) called extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). ExPEC are known to be responsible for over 70 percent of all UTIs. Therefore, when you regularly eat foods that contain ExPEC, you increase your risk of UTIs. On the contrary, plant-based foods do not often contain these bacteria. Hence, a vegetarian diet helps you avoid contact with these bacteria and protects you against new or recurrent UTIs.

  1. Can change the pH of the urinary tract

For you to have a UTI, bacteria from the outside or from another part of the body must reach and establish in the urinary tract. But the growth of bacteria in the tract requires a suitable pH, among other factors. Studies have shown that foods that increase the pH of urine tend to stop the growth of UTI-causing bacteria. In contrast, foods that make the urine more acidic promote the growth of these bacteria and increase the frequency of UTIs.

This is how: Studies have shown that red meat and other animal proteins contain high potential renal acid loads (PRALs). When these foods are eaten frequently, they increase the acidity of urine and encourage the growth of UTI-causing bacteria. But fruits and vegetables contain low potential renal acid loads (PRALs). So, a regular vegetarian diet makes urine less acidic, prevents the growth of bacteria, and protects against UTIs. To prevent UTI, regularly eat oranges, broccoli, tomatoes, spinach, red berries, cauliflower, grapefruits, and foods rich in vitamin C.

  1. Can flush out bacteria from the urinary tract

Water and other fluids are powerful antidotes against UTIs. Drinking plenty of fluids, even when not thirsty, increases urinary frequency. During urination, the urine stream washes out bacteria from the urinary tract. This reduces their numbers and protects against infection. In fact, studies have shown that taking 6-8 glasses of water every day reduces the risk of UTIs by 58 percent. It also speeds up recovery from UTIs and protects against recurrent infections.

  1. Can prevent bacteria from attaching to cells of the urinary tract

Some foods play a role in UTI prevention and treatment by stopping infectious bacteria from attaching to the walls of the urinary tract. For example, freshly-squeezed 100-percent berry juices, like cranberry and blueberry, make it impossible for Escherichia coli and other bacteria to attach to cells of the urinary tract. These berries contain compounds called proanthocyanidins, which prevent the bacteria from sticking to the lining of the urinary tract. Hence, the bacteria remain free in the tract and are easily flushed out by urine. So, by adding these berries to your diet, you lower your risk of infection, speed up your recovery from an existing UTI, and prevent recurrent infections.

  1. Can add good bacteria to the urinary tract

UTIs can be prevented by biological means. And probiotics and fermented foods are a great way to use good bacteria to stop the growth of bad bacteria in the urinary tract. For instance, yogurt and other fermented foods, such as sauerkraut and pickles, contain Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. When these bacteria reach the urinary tract, they stop Escherichia coli and other infectious bacteria from growing. By enriching your diet with probiotics and fermented products, you can prevent UTIs by stopping the growth of infectious bacteria.

  1. Can make the urinary tract favorable for growth of UTI-causing bacteria

There are certain foods that encourage the growth of Escherichia coli and other UTI-causing bacteria. And so their intake should be reduced when undergoing treatment for UTIs. For instance, taking too much sugar encourages the breeding of bacteria in the urinary tract. That’s why you need to reduce sugar consumption when undergoing treatment or avoid sugar when struggling with a recurrent UTI. Also avoid sugary cookies, candies, or sweetened beverages—substitute them with water. Likewise, potential bladder irritants should be avoided. Once they irritate the bladder, they increase lower urinary symptoms that end up creating conditions necessary for the growth of infectious bacteria. Therefore, when undergoing treatment for UTI, avoid bladder irritants such as tea, soda, alcohol, coffee, and artificially sweetened beverages. Equally, avoid spicy foods and stop eating acidic fruits, such as lemons, oranges, or limes. You can resume eating them after the infection is gone, especially to get vitamin C, which helps prevent future infections.

Want to learn more about UTIs and other urological problems? Visit the site “St Pete Urology.”

References

“How to Prevent UTI.” Healthline, https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-prevent-uti.

Can Erectile Dysfunction be cured?

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an ongoing inability to have and maintain an erection that is hard enough for penetration. But it could also be marked by an erection that does not last long enough for satisfactory sexual intercourse. 

It is normal for a man to fail to have and maintain an erection once in a while, especially during times of stress. However, a recurrent, bothersome inability to have an erection points to an underlying emotional or medical issue.

Can erectile dysfunction be cured?

All cases of erectile dysfunction can be treated and most can be addressed positively. Some forms of erectile dysfunction have reversible causes. When the underlying causes are reversed, the dysfunction is cured. Such are called curable erectile dysfunction.

However, other forms of erectile dysfunction have irreversible underlying causes. In the more rare cases the causes can only be improved, but never fully resolved. These are called treatable erectile dysfunction.

What is a curable ED?

A curable erectile dysfunction has a reversible underlying cause. When the trigger of the dysfunction is resolved, the condition is cured. 

You can be cured of an erectile dysfunction caused by stress, being overweight, or having relationship difficulties. Also, you can be cured of ED occurring as a side effect of a drug, alcohol, or cigarette smoking.

The quickest way to cure ED is to improve heart and vascular health and to resolve psychological issues. And while doing so is usually difficult, the dysfunction tends to go away when the underlying cause is reversed.

Ways of curing erectile dysfunction include:

  1. Lifestyle changes

ED can be cured by adopting an active lifestyle, such as daily exercise of at least 30 minutes, eating a balanced diet rich in minerals and vitamins, and losing weight. 

You can also cure the condition by quitting smoking, stopping alcohol use, and avoiding causative drugs, including cocaine, heroin, marijuana, barbiturates, and amphetamines.

  1. Address psychological issues

When ED is due to emotional and psychological issues like stress, low self-esteem, and relationship problems, getting mental health support and undergoing counseling can cure the problem.

  1. Withdrawal of medications

When withdrawing from medications, always consult a physician. Withdrawal of medications can be an effective cure for ED caused by anti-androgens, antidepressants, antihistamines, appetite suppressants, opioids, ulcer medications, sedatives, tranquilizers, blood pressure medications, or chemotherapy medications.

So if you feel that your ED could be the result of a medication you’re taking, speak with your doctor about it. Your physician may recommend lowering the dose or prescribe an alternative. Just don’t stop using the medication without your doctor’s approval.

What is a treatable ED?

A treatable erectile dysfunction is one caused by a condition, which may not completely resolve, but can improve with treatment. 

For instance, conditions such as hormonal imbalance, anxiety, depression and high cholesterol level can cause ED that improves when the conditions are treated.

Ways of tackling treatable ED include:

  1. Treating underlying health conditions

ED may be due to a condition such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, low testosterone, high cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, Peyronie’s disease, multiple sclerosis, or sleep disorders. 

For such ED, your doctor will recommend treatment for the underlying cause, which in turn will help the condition to improve.

  1. Emotional and psychological support

For ED caused by conditions such as anxiety, guilt, depression, and fear of sexual failure, your doctor may recommend you have the issues addressed through mental support and counseling. 

  1. Testosterone therapy

When your ED is due to low testosterone level or circulatory and nerve issues, your doctor can prescribe testosterone replacement therapy. With improved testosterone levels, the condition will get better.

  1. Oral medications

Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) , such as avanafil (Stendra), sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), and vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn), are oral medications that can help you achieve and maintain an erection, especially if your ED is due to incurable causes.  They work by relaxing the muscles in the penis and encouraging increased blood flow in response to sexual stimulation.

  1. Self-injection with Alprostadil

When injected into the penis, Alprostadil causes the penis to fill with blood. It helps to achieve an erection within 5-20 minutes of injection. And the erection can last 30 minutes to an hour. Alprostadil is also available as a topical cream and as a suppository inserted into the urethra.

  1. Vacuum pump

Your doctor may prescribe a vacuum pump to help draw blood into your penis and elicit an erection. A vacuum device consists of a plastic tube placed around the penis, a vacuum pump to draw air into the tube, and an elastic ring at the end of the tube. The ring helps to maintain the erection, which can last up to 30 minutes.

  1. Surgery

If the other treatments fail, your doctor may recommend surgery. For instance, a procedure can be performed to place an inflatable pump in your penis.  When the pump is pressed, fluid from a reservoir fills the implant and makes your penis longer and wider. 

Another surgical option is the use of malleable implants that are adjusted manually to change the position of the penis.  In rare cases, your doctor may recommend surgery to repair your arteries to improve blood flow.

Are you struggling with erectile dysfunction? Call St Pete Urology today to schedule your consultation with a urologist who tackles ED on a regular basis. 

We offer a wide array of treatments, including lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery, and will provide tailored treatment that is right for your condition. For more information on erectile dysfunction and other urological problems, visit the site “St Pete Urology.”

10 Ways to Stop Leaks in Urinary Incontinence

Urine leaks due to urinary incontinence can be stressful and embarrassing. Persistent loss of urine may make you feel wet, dirty and uncomfortable. In turn, many feel they have to restrict their social and physical activities, including shopping, exercise, dancing, or visiting friends. 

Also, many may experience low self-esteem, body negativity, low physical attractiveness, inadequacy, and reduced sexual desire, which tragically can lead to self-isolation, loneliness, and depression. Plus, accidental urine leaks can compromise daily life activities as you have to continually interrupt your life to use the bathroom. 

There are a number of effective treatments for urinary incontinence, including medications, electrical stimulation, medical devices, and surgery. But there is also a lot you can do to reduce the risk of urinary incontinence and to avoid accidental leaks. 

Here are 10 ways to stop leaks in urinary incontinence.

  1. Increase your fluid intake

Drinking enough water makes your urine less concentrated. This prevents bladder irritation and minimizes urinary urgency that is usually the immediate cause of urine leakage.

So you shouldn’t stop drinking more water when you have urinary incontinence. Instead, make sure to drink 6-8 ounce glasses of water a day. 

An easier way to know you’re drinking enough water is to monitor the color of your urine. Pale yellow urine means adequate hydration, while darker yellow suggests you should drink more.

  1. Empty your bladder regularly

Visiting the bathroom on schedule, every 2-3 hours, even when you don’t feel the urge to pass urine is effective in preventing urine leaks. The strategy keeps urine volume in the bladder low enough to stop accidental leaks.

Another strategy is to always empty your bladder before you leave your house or other venue, like a restaurant or office, even when you don’t feel the urge to go. This will reduce the chances of having an uncontrollable urge to urinate as you travel or go about your routine.

  1. Know where bathrooms are located

When in a new, unfamiliar destination, such as a museum, restaurant, shopping center or park, make sure to know the location of the bathroom. This will enable you to reach the bathroom as soon as you feel the urge to urinate and reduce the chances of accidental leaks. 

  1. Keep a bladder diary

If you want to understand the triggers and patterns behind your urinary incontinence, tracking your bathroom habits using a bladder diary is an effective method. In fact, a few days before you visit your urologist, you should start keeping a diary.

Write down what you drink, the time you drink it, the number of times you pass urine, and whether you’ve had urine-leaking episodes. Also, indicate everything that might have caused the accidental leakage, such as exercising, coughing, or a sense of urgency.

  1. Engage in Kegel exercises

Pelvic floor muscle exercises, called Kegels, help strengthen bladder-supporting muscles and in turn prevent urine leaks and urinary urgency due to overactive bladder. 

Kegels are quite easy to do. For instance, you can simply tighten or squeeze your pelvic floor muscles (muscles that you use to stop urine flow or the passing of gas) for a count of three, then relax them slowly for a count of three. Build up to doing 10-15 squeezes, 3 times a day, and see your bladder control improve within 6 weeks.

The good thing with Kegels is that you can do the exercise any time, at your desk at work or while sitting in your car. 

  1. Lose weight

Losing weight removes the extra pressure on your bladder and pelvic muscles, which can cause accidental leakage. Losing up to 20 pounds of weight over a period of say 6 months can cut bladder leaking episodes by nearly 50 percent.

  1. Cut down bladder-irritating drinks and food

Certain drinks and foods may irritate the lining of your bladder and cause an overwhelming urge to urinate, which may be followed by accidental leakage. For instance, caffeine and alcohol are top bladder irritants. And by limiting alcohol and caffeine beverages, such as tea, coffee, and cola you can prevent urine leaks.

 Also avoid bladder irritants such as apples, apple juice, artificial sweeteners, carbonated beverages, chili and spicy foods, chocolate, citrus fruit and juices, milk products, cranberries and cranberry juice, pineapple, tomatoes, sugar and honey, and vinegar. 

A good strategy is to try eliminating one or more potential irritants from your diet for 2 weeks, the reintroduce them one by one every few days to see if there is a noticeable difference in your urge to pee, how often you go, and the number of leaks you’ll experience.

  1. Quit smoking

Smoking makes you more vulnerable to urinary incontinence by damaging the small blood vessels in your body and causing tissue weakness. Also, smoking can cause coughing, which may lead to urine leakage by increasing pressure on the pelvic floor muscles. 

Plus, cigarette smoking can triple your risk of bladder cancer, which has one of its symptoms as the need to urinate more often or an uncontrollable urge to urinate, even when the bladder is not full.

  1. Review your medications

Some medications can promote urinary incontinence. For example, diuretics increase urine production by the kidneys while muscle relaxants and sedatives relax the urethra and increase the need to pee.

When you suspect your drugs as culprits in your urinary incontinence, speak with your doctor about it. Your physician will determine if the dosage should be changed, if alternatives could be used, or if you should stop taking them.

  1. Treat constipation promptly

With constipation, your colon swells and strains due to excess abdominal muscle pressure. The continuous straining to pass stool weakens pelvic floor muscles and makes urinary incontinence worse. In turn, bladder muscles are adversely affected and the severity of urinary incontinence increases.

Eat more fiber to prevent constipation. Equally, exercise regularly and drink plenty of water. And if you have chronic constipation, speak with your doctor for recommendations on how to manage it, including taking medications or trying physical therapy.

Are you bothered by urine leaks? At St Pete Urology, we encourage you to make the above simple changes to strengthen your bladder and pelvic muscles, reduce bladder irritation, and improve your urinary incontinence symptoms.  If urine leakage persists, see your urologist to determine the underlying cause and develop a tailored treatment for you.

For more information on urinary incontinence and other urological problems, visit the site “St Pete Urology.”

The Pros and Cons of Vasectomy

Penis enhancement surgery is a procedure to correct structural and functional problems of the penis. It may be recommended after an injury, defect, or loss of function. But usually, it is a corrective measure for a micropenis or a buried penis. Both of which cause functional issues with urinating, sexual intercourse, or hygiene.

In rare cases, the procedure may be considered for making the penis longer or larger. It may also be used to make the stomach smaller in order to allow the penis to appear longer and wider. However, surgery to increase the size or width of the penis is medically discouraged. It is a deeply personal decision that requires careful consideration. 

That’s because most men who usually think they have a small penis tend to actually have a normal-sized penis. Also, most of the penis enhancement claims are false and tend to involve techniques and products that may be harmful to the penis.

Alternatives to surgery

  1. Jelqing exercises

Jelqing is a natural penis enlargement exercise involving a hand-over-hand rolling motion to increase blood flow to the head of the penis and stretch the organ. Though a fairly safe practice that can enhance the penis, it is not backed by enough medical studies. And it may lead to pain, irritation, or scar tissue formation if done too often or aggressively.

  1. Pills, potions, and lotions

While there are numerous penile enlargement vitamins, pills, herbal preparations, hormones, and lotions, most of the claims about them aren’t supported by evidence. Some may even interfere or interact with other medications or be harmful to users.

  1. Penile extenders

Penile extenders are non-invasive devices that use traction to stretch the penis. Studies have reported that extenders help to increase the length of a flaccid penis by more than 1.5 centimeters after 3 months of use. 

But more research is necessary to assess their safety and effectiveness. Plus, they are uncomfortable and cumbersome to use, and can overstretch the penis causing nerve damage, bruising, or blood clots.

  1. Vacuum pump

Though they are designed to treat erectile dysfunction, some people use them to occasionally “exercise” and stretch their penis. In the process, they can trigger tissue damage and cause erectile problems.

  1. Clamps and rings

Clamps and rings are used by some people to stretch and elongate their penis. The devices are placed around the base of an erect penis to reduce blood flow out of the penis. While wearing one of these devices may temporarily enlarge the penis, having it on for more than 30 minutes may cut off blood flow and damage penile tissues.

What are the pros and cons of penile enhancement surgery?

Typically, a urologist recommends penile enhancement surgery to correct an injury, treat a defect, or improve function of the organ. Only in very rare cases can the doctor recommend surgery to increase the length or width of the penis.  

That’s because penis enhancement surgery comes with the risk of serious complications such as scarring, pain, infection, loss of penile sensation, and erectile dysfunction. 

Pros of penis enhancement surgery

  1. Helps to correct a micropenis – defined as a very small penis. A micropenis is a condition you’re born with, but which needs correction because it causes functional problems. 
  2. Helps to correct a buried penis – defined as a penis buried under the skin from your stomach, thighs or scrotum. A buried penis can be a congenital condition or a result of aging.
  3. Helps to restore a functional penis by correction of penile abnormalities caused by injuries or disease. Penile abnormalities may make it difficult to urinate while standing up or hinder penetrative sexual intercourse.
  4. Helps to achieve a satisfactory appearance of the penis, particularly in those with persistent, bothersome, and embarrassing concerns about their penis size or width.
  5. Helps to create a new sense of masculinity and sexual potency, which in turn improves personal relationships, overall mood, and productivity in daily work.
  6. Helps to increase confidence and self-esteem by achieving a penis length and girth that meets personal goals and expectations.

Cons of penis enhancement

  1. Is associated with surgery risks such possible infection, bleeding, or damage to nerve endings.
  2. There may be adverse reactions to anesthesia.
  3. It may produce a lop-sided penis appearance, where the penis seems to hang from the scrotum instead of from the abdomen.
  4. Fat used to widen or enlarge the penis can be reabsorbed, which eventually reduces the width of the enhanced penis.

Safe, effective penis enhancement 

At St Pete Urology, we perform penis enhancement surgery on a regular basis to correct congenital and acquired micropenis. The goal of the surgery is usually to restore a functional penis size in order to achieve normal standing urination, satisfying sexual intercourse, and enhanced quality of life.  

Occasionally, we perform penis enhancement procedure on men with normal length penises, but who perceive themselves to have small ones—something that is usually a psychological condition. But for such a procedure, a lot more consultations and a multidisciplinary approach are usually necessary to come up with a highly individualized surgery that meets patient goals and expectations.

For more information on penis enhancement and other procedures for treating urologic disorders, visit the site “St Pete Urology.”

Why do I get recurring urinary tract infections?

You can contract a urinary tract infection (UTI) at any point in your life. A urinary tract infection refers to entry of bacteria into the urinary tract via the urethra and then the subsequent multiplication and spreading to the urinary system, which leads to illness. The three most common UTIs are cystitis, urethritis, and pyelonephritis.

Urethritis is an infection of the urethra. It occurs when bacteria reaches the urethra and multiply there without progressing to deeper parts of the urinary tract. Cystitis is an infection of the bladder, which results when bacteria enter via the urethra and move into the bladder where it multiplies and causes disease. 

Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney.  It is triggered by the backward flow of infected urine from the bladder into the kidneys. But it can also be due to an infection in the bloodstream that ultimately reaches the kidneys.

Most urinary tract infections resolve without treatment. However, a number of them require antibiotic treatment.  When a urinary tract infection reappears 2 or more times within 6 months, it is said to be recurrent. A recurrent UTI may also be an infection that occurs at least 3 times per year. Failure to promptly and decisively treat recurrent UTIs can lead to kidney damage.

What are the causes of recurrent urinary tract infections?

  1. Underlying health issues

The risk of recurrent urinary tract infections increases with certain health conditions. For instance, you’re likely to have recurrent UTI if you have suppressed immunity, certain autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, urinary stones, an enlarged prostate, or a chronic health condition like diabetes.

Also, you are more susceptible to recurrent UTI if you have had surgery on any part of your urinary tract, which produces scar tissue or an alteration in anatomy. Having a catheter and going through menopause also increase the risk of recurrent UTIs.

  1. Genetics

The risk of recurrent UTIs is higher if you have cells that are naturally more receptive to bacteria. A number of studies have shown that due to genetics some people have cell receptors that favor bacteria causing UTIs. For such people, it is difficult to flush out these bacteria from the urinary tract, which in turn predisposes them to recurrent bladder and kidney infections.

  1. Sex

Women have a higher risk of recurrent urinary tract infections than men. That’s because women have a shorter urethra than men and therefore have the urethra located nearer the vaginal opening. More bacteria reach the urethra in women and are more likely to spread to the bladder and kidneys than in men.

  1. Poor bathroom habits

There are a large number of bacteria in feces.  And when these bacteria in stool reach the urethra, they can cause urinary tract infections. That is why bathroom habits matter. And also why, after passing stool, women should wipe the anus from the front back to minimize the risk of fecal matter or bacteria moving from the anus into the urethra.

Also, bacterial transfer to the urethra increases in a dirty, moist environment. So it is important to be clean and dry before pulling your underwear back in place after peeing or passing stool. This prevents fecal matter from landing on the underwear and spreading when the underwear moves as you walk, sit or exercise.

  1. Sexual activity

Bacteria tend to spread easily during sexual activity. They can spread from your partner’s finger, tongue or genitals. They can also spread from sex toys. Plus, your own bacteria can spread from the vagina, penis or anus into the urethra. Likewise, items used during sex, such as spermicides, diaphragms and condoms increase the risk of recurrent UTIs.

Practicing good hygiene before and after sexual activity—such as cleaning sex toys before and after using them—can really minimize the risk of recurrent UTIs. Passing urine soon after sexual activity also helps to flush out errant bacteria. Speaking with your doctor about alternatives to spermicides and diaphragms can equally help with recurrent urinary tract infections.

What should you do to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections?

When struggling with recurrent UTIs, speak with your doctor about it. Apart from prescribing appropriate antibiotic treatment, the doctor may refer you to a urologist—a specialist in diseases and problems of the urinary system—to better pinpoint the cause and provide the most appropriate treatment.

Besides, you can take the following steps to prevent recurrent UTIs:

  1. Drinking plenty of water, advisably 8-10 glasses of water per day, to help you flush out bacteria from the urinary tract.
  2. Going to the bathroom as soon as you feel the urge to pee as holding urine can create a favorable environment for spread and multiplication of bacteria. 
  3. Avoiding scented products, like sprays, douches, and powders that can irritate your urethra and predispose your urinary tract to infections.
  4. Emptying your bladder soon after sexual activity to help you flush out errant bacteria.
  5. Considering vaginal estrogen therapy after menopause to help keep healthy reproductive and urinary systems.
  6. Using alternative contraception that does not include spermicides, diaphragm or condoms.
  7. Proper wiping, particularly for women and girls, after using the toilet to reduce exposure of the urethra to UTI-causing bacteria found in poop.

Patient-friendly, compassionate treatment of urological disorders

Urinary problems can be both distressing and embarrassing. You may even find it difficult to speak about them. At St Pete Urology, we offer a pleasant, empathetic urological care to enable you to speak freely about your urinary tract infections and other urological disorders in order to ensure prompt, accurate diagnosis and treatment.

For more information on recurrent urinary tract infections and other urological disorders, visit the site “St Pete Urology.”

Does your diet affect UTI?

Diet is generally critical in the prevention, treatment and recovery from urinary tract infections (UTIs). Some diets boost immunity and protect against UTIs while others reduce irritation in the urinary tract and hasten the healing process. Still some diets help to shed off bacteria and lower the risk of UTIs altogether.

So how does your diet affect UTI?

  1. Plant-based diet

Studies have shown that plant-based diets lower the risk of developing urinary tract infections. In a 2020 study where 9,724 Buddhists were followed over a period of 9 years, it was reported that their vegetarian dietary pattern helped to lower their risk of UTIs by 16 percent.

But how does the vegetarian dietary pattern work? It works in two ways: by preventing bacterial growth and proliferation and by eliminating bacterial reservoirs. 

Firstly, a vegetarian diet has low potential renal acid loads (PRALs). As a result, vegetables and fruits make urine less acidic and can prevent the growth of bacteria associated with UTIs.

On the contrary, red meat and other animal proteins have higher potential renal acid loads (PRALs). Therefore a regular diet rich in animal proteins leads to urine that is more acidic and that promotes urinary tract infections.

Secondly, a vegetarian diet pattern avoids foods that are reservoirs for the bacterial strains of E. coli called Extra-Intestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Since these bacteria account for 65-75 percent of urinary tract infections, eliminating their reservoirs prevents UTIs.

In contrast, animal meat, such as poultry and pork, are reservoirs of extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli. And the frequent consumption of animal-based proteins increases the risk of UTIs.

  1. Yogurt and other fermented products

Regular consumption of yogurt or other fermented dairy products reduces the risk of urinary tract infections by up to 80 percent. That’s because yogurt contains good bacteria, called live and active cultures.  

When these bacteria reach your digestive and urinary tract, they crowd out and inhibit the growth of UTI-causing bacteria. The bacterial cultures in yogurt also boost immunity. 

Fortunately, these bacteria are never killed by the freezing process. Instead, they only undergo a dormancy state. When eaten and restored to a warm temperature within the body, the bacteria become active and provide protection to the urinary tract.

  1. Berries and fresh fruit juices

Frequent drinking of fresh berry juice lowers the risk of UTIs by up to 50-percent. Berries such as cranberries, raspberries, blueberries and other berries contain the phytochemical called pro-anthocyanidins, which reduces the ability of E. coli bacteria to adhere to the urinary tract walls.

Therefore, fresh berry juice makes it easier to flush out bacteria responsible for UTIs by destroying their capacity to adhere to the lining of the urinary tract. A great way of consuming large amounts of berries in your diet is through smoothies. 

  1. Foods rich in vitamin C

Foods rich in vitamin C, such as oranges, lemons, strawberries, and green leafy vegetables, help to change urine pH. The change in acidity of urine prevents bacteria from growing in urine. Vitamin C also boosts immunity and speeds healing.

  1. Fiber-packed foods

Fiber is a critical stimulator of bowel movement. Hence, including bananas and other high-fiber foods in your diet can help you prevent UTIs by encouraging regular bowel movement and minimizing pressure on urine flow.

  1. Increased hydration

Increased water and fluid intake is a dietary measure that prevents UTIs. In fact, drinking at least 8 glasses of water per day lowers the risk of UTIs by up to 40-percent. The high volume of water makes it more efficient to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract. 

  1. Cutting down on bladder irritants

Drinking cola soft drinks increases the risk of UTIs by at least 10-percent. According to a 1985 study that involved 225 women, beverages such as soda trigger or worsen urinary symptoms and in turn increase the risk of UTIs.

Like soda, bladder irritants, such as coffee, tea, alcohol, artificially sweetened drinks, and carbonated beverages amplify the risk of lower UT symptoms, such as urinary urgency and frequency, which increase the risk of urinary tract infections.

Timely, effective treatment of UTIs

Are you experiencing frequent urinary symptoms? Would you like a permanent solution to your recurrent urinary tract infection? 

At St Pete Urology, we offer prompt, accurate diagnosis and treatment of UTIs.  Our objective is to always provide proper treatment of UTIs to prevent serious complications, such as urosepsis and kidney damage, which are potentially life-threatening.

For more information on the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections and other urological problems, visit the site “St Pete Urology.”

What are the Success Rates of a Vasectomy Reversal?

A vasectomy reversal is the surgical procedure to undo a vasectomy.  The operation involves reconnecting each vas deferens that was cut and sealed off during vasectomy. Once reconnected, each vas deferens becomes a channel through which sperm can again pass through from the testicle into the semen.

The reversal procedure is a more difficult and delicate procedure compared to the vasectomy. It is performed with the aid of a powerful surgical microscope that helps to magnify the vas deferens by as much as forty times in size. And most importantly, the surgery demands a high degree of skill and experience to carry out.

What is a successful vasectomy reversal?

A successful vasectomy reversal not only restores sperm in semen, but also enables a man to get his partner pregnant. Many men undergo the reversal procedure due to loss of a child, change of heart or remarriage and with their motivation being the opportunity to have more children. 

So the measure of a successful reversal is fundamentally on whether or not a man is able to make his partner pregnant. Unfortunately, this is not a straightforward measure as many factors are involved in achieving a pregnancy. 

For instance, getting a pregnancy depends on the man’s age, age of his partner, and on the health and motility of his sperm.  This means that having a vasectomy reversal after the age of 50 years when the number of healthy sperm and their motility has reduced significantly may not be successful. In contrast, having a vasectomy reversal done when a man is younger and with a younger partner may increase the chances of success of the procedure.

Success of a vasectomy reversal also depends on the type of vasectomy procedure a man had and how long it has been in place. The more time after a vasectomy, the more likely you are to develop scar tissue in the vas deferens that will make it difficult to have sperm pass through the tube and reach semen.

What are the success rates of a vasectomy reversal?

The success rates of vasectomy reversal range from 10-90 percent depending on the type of procedure, time that has elapsed since the vasectomy, age of the partner, the surgeon’s experience and training, and whether you had fertility issues before the vasectomy. 

When the reversal procedure is done soon after the vasectomy, the chances of success are quite high. In fact, if a vasectomy is reversed within 10 years after the procedure, there is more than 95-percent possibility of having sperm back in the ejaculate and over 50-percent chance of achieving pregnancy. But a reversal performed more than 15 years after the vasectomy has a lower potential of restoring sperm back in semen and as low as 30-percent rate of pregnancy.

Success rates of vasectomy are:

  1. Up to 97 percent success rate of sperm in semen and 76-percent rate of pregnancy when reversal is done within 3 years after the vasectomy.
  2. Up to 88 percent success rate of sperm in semen and 55 percent rate of pregnancy when reversal is done between 3-8 years after the vasectomy.
  3. Up to 79 percent success rate of sperm in semen and 44 percent pregnancy rate when the reversal is done 9-14 years after the vasectomy.
  4. Up to 71 percent success rate of sperm in semen and 30 percent rate of pregnancy when the reversal is done 15-19 years after the vasectomy.
  5. Up to 52-percent sperm in semen and less than 10 percent rate of pregnancy when the reversal is done after 20 years since the vasectomy.

The reversal technique used and its eventual success depend on the part where the surgeon finds sperm during the procedure. If the surgeon finds sperm within the blocked vas deferens, the vasectomy is reversed by simply reconnecting the two ends of the vas deferens back together. This is a simple procedure that offers 75-97 percent chance of restoring sperm in semen and over 50 percent chance of achieving pregnancy.

But when there is no sperm in the tubes, which is often due to a blockage nearer the testicles, the surgeon will often perform the vasoepididymostomy procedure. During vasoepididymostomy, the vas deferens is connected to the epididymis. This procedure gives a 58-85 percent success in having sperm in semen and produces an average 34 percent rate of pregnancy.

For more information on vasectomy and vasectomy reversal, visit the site “St Pete Urology.”

6 Urology Wellness Tips

Urological health is critical for overall health. The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, renal pelvis, bladder, ureters, and urethra—organs that are crucial in filtering your blood and creating urine. 

With a healthy urinary system, your body is able to efficiently remove waste products of metabolism and balance body fluids and electrolytes.  The body is also able to release hormones that control blood pressure and red blood cell production and to regulate calcium and phosphorous levels for healthy bones and teeth.

While many urological conditions are usually not life-threatening, they can dramatically affect quality of life. For instance, common conditions such as urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and interstitial cystitis can be embarrassing, forcing you to have a limited social life.

Therefore, by keeping a healthy urinary system, you can prevent these awkward conditions, improve your quality of life and boost your overall health.

What are the 6 must-know urology wellness tips?

  1. Drinking plenty of water

Drinking enough water keeps your body hydrated and helps to flush out wastes and bacteria. In turn, this supports a normal functioning of organs of the urinary tract.

For instance, flushing out wastes prevents build up of minerals in urine and reduces the risk of kidney stones. This is especially important in hot climates like Florida. Likewise, washing out bacteria from the urinary tract prevents potential urinary tract infections that may result from bacterial multiplication in the urethra, bladder and kidney.

Just how much water is enough? Drinking 6-8 cups of water per day is considered sufficient for proper hydration.  But you may need to increase your water intake depending on the weather and your activity level. In the summer, you can sweat up to 2 liters an hour during physical activity. So drinking 9-13 cups of water in the summer is recommended.

  1. Maintaining a healthy diet and weight

A healthy, balanced diet can prevent a number of urological problems.  For example, reducing the amount of fat in your diet can lead to overall reduction of accumulated visceral fat around your vital organs. This helps to curb medical conditions like heart disease, type II diabetes, fatty liver, and poor urological health.

Similarly, since being obese or overweight can result in a heavy abdomen that puts extra pressure on your bladder, cutting down your weight is good for your urological health. In fact, losing weight is a very effective way of preventing urinary incontinence.

  1. Taking regular exercise

When you maintain an active lifestyle, you can keep your vital organs functioning optimally and ensure good urological health. Regular exercise also improves symptoms of urinary problems, such as pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence.

For example, including Kegel exercises in your routine can help to train your pelvic floor muscles. You can do so by performing these exercises 2-3 times or more per day. 

And since pelvic floor muscles support the bladder and bowel, retraining them helps to relieve urinary incontinence, ease pelvic organ prolapse, alleviate overactive bladder, and boost sexual vitality.

  1. Reducing caffeine and alcohol intake

Certain foods and beverages have the ability to upset your urinary system. For instance, caffeine tends to upset the bladder and trigger urinary incontinence. So it is prudent to reduce your intake of coffee, tea, and even cola to prevent heightened bladder activity that may result in urine leakage.

Spicy and acidic foods, such as citrus fruits and tomatoes, can irritate the bladder. Reducing their consumption or replacing them with natural remedies like cranberry juice that support urological health is therefore good for your urological health.

Equally, alcohol is a diuretic. That means it promotes loss of water from the body and speeds up dehydration. With increased dehydration, there is a higher concentration of minerals and salts in your urine, which can cause kidney stones. 

Limiting your alcohol intake is good for your urinary system. But if you have to drink alcohol, accompanying it with plain water is recommended.

  1. Quit smoking

Cigarette smoking is a contributor to urological ailments like kidney stones, interstitial cystitis, infertility, bladder cancer, and kidney cancer. In fact, using tobacco is a major factor in bladder cancer—smokers are 2-3 times more likely to have bladder cancer than non-smokers. So quit smoking to protect your urological health.

Also, getting enough sunshine is good for your urinary system. The ultraviolet light from the sun helps to make vitamin D. Since low levels of Vitamin D increases the risk of various urological issues, including enlarged prostate, overactive bladder, urinary tract infections, being in the sun often will protect your urological health.

  1. Monitor your urine for clues

Thirst is one of the most frequent signs of dehydration. And there are other signs such as fatigue and dizziness.  However, before your body dehydration level is too high, your urine will already be showing signs.

Normal, well-hydrated urine is clear to pale yellow. But when you are dehydrated, the color changes to honey or golden colored. So by monitoring the color of urine, you can tell when you are dehydrated and need more water.

Urine that is orange or pink often means you have hematuria (blood in urine). Hematuria can be due to an enlarged prostate, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, or bladder cancer. Speak with your doctor when you notice an abnormal urine color that persists for 2 or more days.

Would you like to speak with a urologist about your urological health? At St Pete Urology we offer world-class diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. 

Our experienced urologists apply the latest tools and techniques to deliver safe, timely and effective urological care. For more information on how to care for your urinary system, visit the site “St Pete Urology.”